Neighborhood

Prospect Lefferts Gardens

Brooklyn
In the Census-defined PUMA including Crown Heights South, Prospect Lefferts & Wingate, according to recent Census data, (in descending order), Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Yiddish, French, and "Niger-Congo Languages" each have more than 1000 speakers. Varieties of English and Spanish are commonly spoken in the area as well.
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Languages with a significant site in this neighborhood, marked by a point on the map:

Darfurian Arabic

العربية دارفوري
Following genocidal campaigns by the government-backed Janjaweed militias in Sudan in the early 2000s, hundreds of thousands of Darfuri fled to refugee camps in Chad and, when possible, elsewhere. Of the much smaller number who made it as refugees to the U.S., most settled in Iowa and Indiana, from which several hundred left for a small Darfuri enclave in the Kensington section of Brooklyn. All the dozen or so Darfuri languages are giving way to what is now called Darfuri Arabic, which was already making inroads before the killings, but has also been the principal medium of communication among all kinds of Darfuris, in the refugee camps and in exile. ELA worked with the Darfur People’s Association of New York and other groups to record speakers of Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit, of which there are a small number of speakers in New York but now many more now in cities across the U.S.

Fur

Bèle Fòòr
Following genocidal campaigns by the government-backed Janjaweed militias in Sudan in the early 2000s, hundreds of thousands of Darfuri fled to refugee camps in Chad and, when possible, elsewhere. Of the much smaller number who made it as refugees to the U.S., most settled in Iowa and Indiana, from which several hundred left for a small Darfuri enclave in the Kensington section of Brooklyn. All the dozen or so Darfuri languages are giving way to what is now called Darfuri Arabic, which was already making inroads before the killings, but has also been the principal medium of communication among all kinds of Darfuris, in the refugee camps and in exile. ELA worked with the Darfur People’s Association of New York and other groups to record speakers of Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit, of which there are a small number of speakers in New York but now many more now in cities across the U.S.

Grenadian Creole

Patois
The broad term Caribbean English refers to a whole range of Englishes — from highly distinctive creoles to "acrolectal" varieties close to other forms of English — spoken across much of the Caribbean. Beyond the varieties spoken by Jamaicans, Trinidadians, and Guyanese, which are the large Anglophone Caribbean communities in New York, there are also significant populations from Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and the Virgin Islands who have brought their own specific Caribbean cultures to the city. A Caribbean presence in the city goes back centuries, but larger waves started coming in the early 20th century and especially beginning in the 1950s. Today there are individuals from 17 English-speaking nations and territories, with the largest numbers in Brooklyn from Flatbush into Canarsie, but also in southeast Queens and the northeast Bronx. The Labor Day Carnival in Brooklyn is a major annual event that unites all these communities in a common celebration.

Martinican Creole

Kréyòl Matinik
The French colonial presence in the Caribbean resulted in the emergence of a number of related but distinct French-based creoles (or patois). Haitian Creole has by far the largest number of speakers in New York, followed by St. Lucian Creole, but a number of New Yorkers (mostly living in Brooklyn or Harlem) are also Creole speakers from Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana (all today still overseas departments of France). Today the local creoles are increasingly valued and studied, but metropolitan French nonetheless remains dominant. On nearby islands which were formerly under French rule (Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, and Grenada) there are also small communities who have continued using French-based creoles, and it's possible that some individuals may be found in New York.

Masalit

Masarak
Following genocidal campaigns by the government-backed Janjaweed militias in Sudan in the early 2000s, hundreds of thousands of Darfuri fled to refugee camps in Chad and, when possible, elsewhere. Of the much smaller number who made it as refugees to the U.S., most settled in Iowa and Indiana, from which several hundred left for a small Darfuri enclave in the Kensington section of Brooklyn. All the dozen or so Darfuri languages are giving way to what is now called Darfuri Arabic, which was already making inroads before the killings, but has also been the principal medium of communication among all kinds of Darfuris, in the refugee camps and in exile. ELA worked with the Darfur People’s Association of New York and other groups to record speakers of Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit, of which there are a small number of speakers in New York but now many more now in cities across the U.S.

Trinidadian Creole

Trini Talk
New York is a major center of the Trinidadian and Tobagonian diaspora, with most Afro-Trinidadians living in Brooklyn, in a range of neighborhoods stretching from Crown Heights to Canarsie and Indo-Trinidadians, like most Indo-Guyanese, living in the Queens neighborhoods of Richmond Hill and Ozone Park. Most Trinidadians from both communities use the English-based creole, sometimes called Trini Talk, as a language of daily life distinct from "standard English". A smaller but still significant number of New Yorkers also have knowledge of the distinct Tobagonian Creole. (The endangered Trinidadian French Creole may also be known by some.) 2015-2019 American Community Survey data estimated that 79,175 New Yorkers were born in Trinidad and Tobago, a large percentage of whom are likely to be Creole speakers, even if they were recorded as being speakers of English (81,381) with smaller numbers speaking other languages: Spanish (1,002), French (346), Hindi (156), Urdu (8), Bengali (71), and more.

Twi

Twi
New York is home to a large and growing Ghanaian community centered on "Little Accra" in the Bronx stretching from the Grand Concourse up to Tracey Towers, with Ghanaian English and Twi serving as widely-known lingua francas. Ashanti, Akuapem (Twi), and Fante are all considered mutually intelligible varieties of Akan. Ghanaian New Yorkers from Accra, or who spent significant time in Accra, may be Ga speakers, and in the Bronx community there are also speakers of smaller languages such as Dagaare and Dagbani. The first wave of Ghanaians came to the city after the coup in 1966, with some working with the Black Star Line (Ghana Shipping Company) as seamen, and a large number arriving starting in the 1980s. There are now smaller communities in Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, New Jersey, and Westchester. Those from northern Ghana may be part of the Yankasa Association, based in the Bronx. Records indicate that many of the enslaved Africans brought to New York in the 17th and 18th centuries may have been speakers of Akan varieties.

Vincentian Creole

Vincy
The broad term Caribbean English refers to a whole range of Englishes — from highly distinctive creoles to "acrolectal" varieties close to other forms of English — spoken across much of the Caribbean. Beyond the varieties spoken by Jamaicans, Trinidadians, and Guyanese, which are the large Anglophone Caribbean communities in New York, there are also significant populations from Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and the Virgin Islands who have brought their own specific Caribbean cultures to the city. A Caribbean presence in the city goes back centuries, but larger waves started coming in the early 20th century and especially beginning in the 1950s. Today there are individuals from 17 English-speaking nations and territories, with the largest numbers in Brooklyn from Flatbush into Canarsie, but also in southeast Queens and the northeast Bronx. The Labor Day Carnival in Brooklyn is a major annual event that unites all these communities in a common celebration.
Additional languages spoken in this neighborhood:
  • Guyanese Creole
  • Haitian Creole
  • Jamaican Patois
  • Panamanian English
  • Panamanian Spanish
  • Sudanese Arabic
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Prospect Lefferts Gardens

Brooklyn

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AbakuáAbakuá

Caribbean

  • Cuba flag
    Cuba
Lower East Side

Smallest

Liturgical
AbazaАбаза

Western Asia

  • Turkey flag
    Turkey
  • Russia flag
    Russia
49,800
Abkhaz-Adyge
Wayne (NJ)

Smallest

Residential
AbruzzeseAbbruzzésə

Southern Europe

  • Italy flag
    Italy
Indo-European
Astoria

Small

Residential
AbruzzeseAbbruzzésə

Southern Europe

  • Italy flag
    Italy
Indo-European
Little Italy

Small

Historical
AcehneseBahsa Acèh

Southeastern Asia

  • Indonesia flag
    Indonesia
3,500,000
Austronesian
Astoria

Smallest

Community
AcehneseBahsa Acèh

Southeastern Asia

  • Indonesia flag
    Indonesia
3,500,000
Austronesian
Elmhurst

Smallest

Residential
AdjoukrouMɔjukru

Western Africa

  • Ivory Coast flag
    Ivory Coast
140,000
Atlantic-Congo
Concourse

Smallest

Residential
AdygheК|ахыбзэ

Western Asia

  • Turkey flag
    Turkey
  • Russia flag
    Russia
117,500
Abkhaz-Adyge
Wayne (NJ)

Small

Residential
AfenmaiAfenmai

Western Africa

  • Nigeria flag
    Nigeria
270,000
Atlantic-Congo
Castle Hill

Smallest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Bedford-Stuyvesant

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Newark (NJ)

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Clifton

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Hollis

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Edenwald

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Central Harlem

Largest

Residential
African-American EnglishBlack English

Northern America

  • United States flag
    United States
45,109,521
Indo-European
Hempstead (NY)

Large

Residential
AfrikaansAfrikaans

Southern Africa

  • South Africa flag
    South Africa
  • Zimbabwe flag
    Zimbabwe
17,543,580
Indo-European
Murray Hill

Small

Community
AkanAkan

Western Africa

  • Ghana flag
    Ghana
9,231,300
Atlantic-Congo
Flatbush

Small

Residential
AkanAkan

Western Africa

  • Ghana flag
    Ghana
9,231,300
Atlantic-Congo
Shore Acres

Small

Residential
AkanAkan

Western Africa

  • Ghana flag
    Ghana
9,231,300
Atlantic-Congo
University Heights

Large

Residential

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